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Stage I (A/B)
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Single node region (or extranodal) site |
Stage II (A/B)
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Two or more lymph nodes on same side of diaphragm |
Stage III (A/B) |
Lymph Nodes (sites) on both sides of the diaphragm |
Stage IV (A/B) |
Multiple or disseminated spread |
A / B Staging Designation"Each stage of Hodgkin's disease is designated (A or B) based on
Absence (A) or presence of B-symptoms (B).
"The B stage always indicates the presence of certain symptoms: loss of more than 10 percent of body weight in the previous 6 months, fever without any known cause other than Hodgkin's disease, and night sweats that leave the body soaked." Source: umgcc.org
Favorable / Unfavorable Staging Designation
"Patients are designated as having early unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) if they have clinical stage I or stage II disease and one or more of the following risk factors:
B symptoms
(fever ≥38°C, soaking night sweats, weight loss ≥10% within 6 months).Extranodal disease (beyond lymph node system).
Bulky disease (≥10 cm or >33% of the chest diameter on chest x-ray).
Three or more sites of nodal involvement.
Sedimentation rate of 50 or more.
Source: Cancer.gov
"The American Cancer Society estimates that 7,350 men and women (3,980 men and 3,370 women) will be diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma.
"The age-adjusted incidence rate was 2.8 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are based on cases diagnosed in 2004-2008 from 17 SEER geographic areas."
* SEER Incidence:
"From 2004-2008, the median age at diagnosis for Hodgkin lymphoma was 38 years of age"
Approximately
12.3% were diagnosed under age 20;
31.5% between 20 and 34;
15.8% between 35 and 44;
12.5% between 45 and 54;
9.7% between 55 and 64;
8.5% between 65 and 74;
7.2% between 75 and 84; and
2.3% 85+ years of age.Source: SEER - Stat Fact Sheet 2006
Type |
New Cases |
Deaths per year |
Survival 5/10/15 year |
Hodgkin's | 7,000 | 1,400 | 83% & 74% & 66% |
Hodgkin's lymphoma: the pathologist's viewpoint http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
"Presently, HL is classified into two largely distinct entities, namely nodular lymphocyte predominance HL (NLPHL) and classical HL (CHL), ... the latter being further subtyped as nodular sclerosis (NSCHL), lymphocyte rich (LRCHL), mixed cellularity (MCCHL), and lymphocyte depletion (LDCHL) subtypes 4. "
Source: HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: AN UPDATE ON ITS BIOLOGY and CLASSIFICATION
Nodular Sclerosis |
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Mixed Cellularity |
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Nodular Lymphocyte Depleted (LD) (uncommon - grey zone)
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Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant (NLPHL) see below |
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Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Older Patients: an Orphan Disease? http://1.usa.gov/1rSP7vr |
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Infradiaphragmatic versus supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin lymphoma:
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CD20 Expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells of Classical Hodgkin’s Disease: Associations With Presenting Features and Clinical Outcome jco.org |
The difference is in the type of lymphocytes involved - the cell of origin.
In Hodgkin's disease, the abnormal lymphocyte is the Reed-Sternberg cell (a B lymphocyte). This particular lymphocyte isn't found in other types of lymphomas. All other types of lymphomas are called non-Hodgkin's (NHL).
Important clinical differences are the very high cure rate of Hodgkin's; that it tends to affect younger people* ; and that the incidence rate of Hodgkin's is lower - compared to NHL.Identifying the correct type of lymphoma is important because treatment for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's can be very different. Pathologists can distinguish between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's by examining the cell sample from a biopsy under a microscope.
In the United States, an estimated 8,490 new cases were diagnosed with HL while HL was accountable for 1,320 deaths in 2010 .
Progress: In the 1960s, the 5-year survival rate for HL was less than 10%. With breakthroughs in combination chemotherapy regimens, the reported 5-year survival for patients with HL during the years 2000–2004 was 85.2%.
Incidence Patterns and Outcomes for Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in the United States http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010617/
According to Cancer.gov, 2012:
"Estimated new cases and deaths from Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States in 2012: New cases: 9,060 | Deaths: 1,190.
More than 75% of all newly diagnosed patients with adult Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) can be cured with combination chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.National mortality has fallen more rapidly for adult HL than for any other malignancy over the last 5 decades.
Prognosis for a given patient depends on several factors. The most important factors are the presence or absence of
systemic symptoms,
the stage of disease,
presence of large masses, and
the quality and suitability of the treatment administered.
Other important factors are age (therapy for very young children requires special attention), sex, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, extent of abdominal involvement, hematocrit, and absolute number of nodal sites of involvement.
See Cancer.gov for more and for references.
HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA — FAVORABLE PROGNOSIS STAGE I AND II
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Incidence Patterns and Outcomes for Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in the United States http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010617/ |
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Better Prognosis for Patients with Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s Lymphoma patient.cancerconsultants.com
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2009: Disparities in survival after Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based study http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888633/
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Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly: The results of 10 years of follow-up.
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Hodgkin disease survival in Europe and the U.S.: prognostic significance of morphologic groups. Cancer. 2006 Jul 15;107(2):352-60. PMID: 16770772
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MAL [a gene also expressed in mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma] is expressed in a subset of Hodgkin lymphoma and identifies a population of patients with poor prognosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006 May;125(5):776-82. PMID: 16707382
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Prognostic impact of bone involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Adv Hematol. 2011:
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About cancerbacup.org.uk | nci.nih.gov | Cancer.gov |
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Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Evolving Concepts
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An overview of HD: pleiad.umdnj.edu |
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Online support forum: forums.webmagic.com |
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Foundations KDH Hodgkin's Disease Foundation.org |
COMMENT: It should be noted that imaging with PET after two cycles of therapy appears to reliably predict who will have disease progression - which could potentially help to avoid "over treating the majority of patients."
See FDG-PET after two cycles of chemotherapy predicts treatment failure and progression-free survival in Hodgkin lymphoma http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/107/1/52.long
This finding of an improved survival for BEACOPP increases the significance of the CALGB 50604 study - which will take a few years to mature. This study is evaluating risk-adapted treatment following 2 cycles of ABVD. In this study, patients with PET negative scans received a total of 4 cycles of ABVD, and patients with PET positive scans switched to 2 cycles of escalated BEACOPP followed by involved field radiotherapy.
Some patients may wish to avoid the risks associated with BEACOPP cited in the Medscape coverage of this report, however it seems to be important for patients to fully consider any proven survival advantage -- which accounts for all risk factors known and unknown.... The issue of the impact of upfront BEACOPP on outcomes for patients needing subsequent salvage therapy also raised by Dr. Longo seems to be addressed by the improvement in overall survival - assuming that the meta analysis accounts for these outcomes as well.
Adding: I think the controversy shows the importance of shared decision-making. Assuming that the more aggressive approach is better in terms of survival, the well-informed patient might still choose the less effective but lower toxic protocol ... because it has a lower risk of infertility ... or some other risk that is of concern to that patient.
It will be important to know the magnitude of the improvement in survival for BEACOPP and how do the treatment compare in terms of toxicities short and long term.
Looking ahead, the response-adapted approach with PET could help people to decide after 2 cycles - helping to identify patients who needs the more aggressive dose-escalated BEACOPP and who can remain with ABVD ... and who can also prudently avoid radiation.
haematol June 1, 2012
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J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2013:
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Leuk Lymph 2013:
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J Nucl Med 2013:
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Experts on Novel Treatment Approaches in Hodgkin Lymphoma - with video
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See also Research News below
How A Drug Shortage Hiked Relapse Risks For Lymphoma Patients npr.org |
Background |
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Pathophysiology (biology - technical) |
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Etiology (risk factors) |
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Epidemiology (incidence by country, race, etc) |
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Prognosis |
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Patient Education |
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History (how it present) |
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Physical Examination |
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Differential Diagnoses (What else it might be) |
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Staging |
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Workup: Approach Considerations |
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Workup: CBC, Chemistry Panel, and Other Tests |
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Imaging: Radiography and Other Imaging Studies |
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Imaging: Positron Emission Tomography |
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Biopsy (examining the cells) |
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Histologic Findings (classification by biological features) |
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Treatment: Approach Considerations |
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Treatment: Radiation Therapy |
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Treatment: Chemotherapy Regimens |
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Supportive Medications |
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Long Term Monitoring |
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Medication Summary |
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Antineoplastic Agents (types of treatment agents) |
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Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite (Gemcitabine (Gemzar) |
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Monoclonal antibodies (Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) |
Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: trade-offs between short- and long-term mortality risks http://1.usa.gov/IK2VZn |
What causes Hodgkin's disease is not known. Risk factors associated with contracting this kind of blood cancer include:
Inborn immune deficiency diseases |
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Acquired immunodeficiency from AIDS or immunosuppressive drugs |
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Living in Western countries, being of higher social class, more educated |
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Genetic pre-disposition, clusters are noted in siblings with similar HLA genotypes |
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Infection with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) history is noted in up to 40% of patients developing Hodgkin's. |
"The most important risk factors are: 1) genetic; 2) Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis); 3) congenital and acquired immunodeficiency; 4) occupational exposure (the wood industry). 1
"Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is associated with around one-third of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) cases and this association is believed to be causal."
"The increased risk of NHL and HL among individuals with a family history of hematopoietic malignancy was approximately twofold for both lymphoma types."
Generally, Hodgkins disease is treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Sometimes, both are given. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease, it's location in the body, symptoms, and the age and general health of the patient.
Google Scholar: Hodgkin treatments
TREATMENT - Standard of care
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Overview NCI.gov |
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NCCN Treatment Guidelines http://www.nccn.org pdf (req. free registration) |
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Basing the Treatment on the Evidence (2001) asheducationbook.org |
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Evidence-Based Management of Hodgkin's Disease
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Guidance for Parents on Childhood cancers by NCI PDF |
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A parent's guide to children's cancer CancerBACUP |
TOPIC SEARCH: PubMed
Fertility and Hodgkin lymphoma ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
This is a rare subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma, sometimes referred to as gray zone lymphoma.
Biology, clinical course and management of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma asheducationbook |
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Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma Review |
Origin and pathogenesis of nodular lymphocyte–predominant Hodgkin lymphoma as revealed by global gene expression analysis
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Hodgkin's disease, lymphocyte predominance type, nodular--further evidence for a B cell derivation. L & H variants of Reed-Sternberg cells express L26, a pan B cell marker http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1880773/ |
2015, June:
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J Clin Onc 2014:
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ASH 2011 - Frontline Therapy of Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma with Rituximab: The Stanford University Experience
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ASH 2011 - Phase II Study of Rituximab in Newly Diagnosed Stage IA Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL): A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) http://ash.confex.com/ash/2011/webprogram/Paper42713.html |
Newly diagnosed or untreated HL |
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Relapsed HL |
Prognostic factors: Not to be confused with predictive!
TOPIC SEARCH: Google Scholar
About survival statistics: Statistics cannot predict what will happen to you or a loved one. Each patient and case is unique, and treatment outcomes can vary from one person to another. Indeed, not even your doctor can tell you for sure what will happen. The term '5 year survival' is used often. It relates to the proportion of people in research studies who were still alive 5 years after diagnosis. Patients who live 6, 10, or 30 years after diagnosis are also in this group. Also see Jay Gould's encouraging essay: The Median isn't the Message
Incidence Patterns and Outcomes for Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in the United States http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010617/
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Morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
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Tumor microenvironment and mitotic checkpoint are key factors in the outcome of classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Prognosis of bulky Hodgkin's disease treated with chemotherapy alone or combined with radiotherapy.
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TOPIC SEARCHES to help you to keep current:
2016, June:
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ABVD8 and BEACOPP4+4 resulted in similar EFS and OS in high-risk advanced-stage Hodgkin HL. http://bit.ly/1SCaAcD |
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2016: 2 items for Hodgkins added to lymphomation
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Ansell: Novel Agents in the Therapy of Hodgkin Lymphoma | 2015 Educational Book | Meeting Library http://bit.ly/1RJdqdH |
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Allogeneic Transplantation in Hodgkin Lymphoma |
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Cancer patients who receive chest radiation should screen for heart disease every 5-10 years
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FDG-PET/CT for assessment of response to Brentuximab Vedotin treatment in relapsed and refractory Hodgkins |
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ASCO 2013: Clinical or survival benefit to routine surveillance
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HemOnc Today: Optimized fertility advice needed for
Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors http://bit.ly/U2KmjVASCO 2013:
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant and classical Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: Differences in biology, survival, and impact of radiotherapy.
Single institution experience of brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) impact on allogeneic transplant in patients with relapsed/refractory CD 30 positive lymphoma.
Four-cycle ABVD unsuitable for older patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma http://bit.ly/11un1Kd
Abexinostat (S78454 / PCI-24781), an Oral Pan-Histone Deacetylas (HDAC) Inhibitor in Patients with Refractory or Relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Results of a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study in 35 Patients
https://ash.confex.com/ash/2012/webprogram/Paper48044.html
ASH 2012 - Hodgkin Lymphoma abstracts PAL
Abexinostat (S78454 / PCI-24781), an Oral Pan-Histone Deacetylas (HDAC) Inhibitor in Patients with Refractory or Relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Results of a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study in 35 Patients
https://ash.confex.com/ash/2012/webprogram/Paper48044.html
Lymphoma subtypes were Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (n=11),
At the time of data cut off, all but 1 (HL) responses were ongoing between cycle 6 and cycle 22 (median 13.5 cycles).
Studies recruiting: lymphomation.org
ASCO 2012 - Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) abstracts PAL
Medscape: CT Overused in Monitoring Pediatric Hodgkin's Lymphoma
J Clin Onc: Long-Term Results of CCG 5942: Randomized Comparison of Chemotherapy With and Without Radiotherapy for Children With Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Oncology Times: ONLINE FIRST: Hodgkin Lymphoma: Novel Agents Can Act as Bridge to Allogeneic Transplant for Selected Patients
Interim FDG-PET Scan in Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Hopes and Caveats
Onclive: Chemotherapy Alone With No Radiation Superior for Limited-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
JCO: Early-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: In Pursuit of Perfection
JCO: Dose-Intensification in Early Unfavorable Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD14 Trial
Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter: Fertility in female survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma
FDA Briefing Document
Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting
July 14, 2011 | BLA 125388 (Adcetris) brentuximab vedotin
Proposed Indication: Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin LymphomaNEJM, 2012: ABVD Alone versus Radiation-Based Therapy in Limited-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma
We randomly assigned 405 patients with previously untreated stage IA or IIA nonbulky Hodgkin's lymphoma to treatment with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) alone or to treatment with subtotal nodal radiation therapy, with or without ABVD therapy.
The median length of follow-up was 11.3 years. At 12 years, the rate of overall survival was 94% among those receiving ABVD alone, as compared with 87% among those receiving subtotal nodal radiation therapy
Among patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, ABVD therapy alone, as compared with treatment that included subtotal nodal radiation therapy, was associated with a higher rate of overall survival owing to a lower rate of death from other causes.ASH 2011 - Frontline Therapy of Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma with Rituximab: The Stanford University Experience
http://ash.confex.com/ash/2011/webprogram/Paper41254.htmlASH 2012 - Hodgkin Lymphoma abstracts PAL
ASCO 2012 - Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) abstracts PAL
Medscape: CT Overused in Monitoring Pediatric Hodgkin's Lymphoma
J Clin Onc: Long-Term Results of CCG 5942: Randomized Comparison of Chemotherapy With and Without Radiotherapy for Children With Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Oncology Times: ONLINE FIRST: Hodgkin Lymphoma: Novel Agents Can Act as Bridge to Allogeneic Transplant for Selected Patients
Interim FDG-PET Scan in Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Hopes and Caveats
Onclive: Chemotherapy Alone With No Radiation Superior for Limited-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
JCO: Early-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: In Pursuit of Perfection
JCO: Dose-Intensification in Early Unfavorable Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD14 Trial
Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter: Fertility in female survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma
FDA Briefing Document
Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting
July 14, 2011 | BLA 125388 (Adcetris) brentuximab vedotin
Proposed Indication: Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin LymphomaNEJM, 2012: ABVD Alone versus Radiation-Based Therapy in Limited-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma
We randomly assigned 405 patients with previously untreated stage IA or IIA nonbulky Hodgkin's lymphoma to treatment with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) alone or to treatment with subtotal nodal radiation therapy, with or without ABVD therapy.
The median length of follow-up was 11.3 years. At 12 years, the rate of overall survival was 94% among those receiving ABVD alone, as compared with 87% among those receiving subtotal nodal radiation therapy
Among patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, ABVD therapy alone, as compared with treatment that included subtotal nodal radiation therapy, was associated with a higher rate of overall survival owing to a lower rate of death from other causes.ASH 2011 - Frontline Therapy of Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma with Rituximab: The Stanford University Experience
http://ash.confex.com/ash/2011/webprogram/Paper41254.html
ASH 2011 - Phase II Study of Rituximab in Newly Diagnosed Stage IA Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL): A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) http://ash.confex.com/ash/2011/webprogram/Paper42713.html |
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HL - Blood: Progress in Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based study on patients diagnosed in Sweden 1973-2009 |
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JCO: More Is Not Necessarily Better When Treating Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Joseph M. Connors |
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JCO: Long-Term Follow-Up Analysis of ABVD versus Stanford V versus MOPP/EBV/CAD in Newly Diagnosed Advanced-Stage Hodgkin's |
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JCO: Eight Cycles of Escalated-Dose BEACOPP Compared With Four Cycles of Escalated-Dose BEACOPP Followed by Four Cycles of Baseline-Dose BEACOPP With or Without Radiotherapy |
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Lymphocyte-Depleted Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Analysis From the German Hodgkin Study Group |
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ASCO: Meta-Analysis of the Association between Smoking and Incidence of Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
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Oncology Stat: PET Scans Key to Less Radiation for Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Also: |
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Cohort study evaluates risk of secondary malignancy following chemotherapy treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma - Highlights the need for regular follow-up care. |
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J Clin Oncol: Lymphocyte-Depleted Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Analysis From the German Hodgkin Study Group. |
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Blood: Phase II study of PVAG in elderly patients with early unfavorable or advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma |
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FDA Approves Brentuximab Vedotin for Hodgkin and Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma |
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ABVD versus BEACOPP for Hodgkin's Lymphoma When High-Dose Salvage Is Planned http://bit.ly/pwq2Ej |
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ABVD VS BEACOPP summary from medscape-- requires registration: Chemo Toxicity May Tip Scales in Advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma http://bit.ly/mUveA8 |
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Is routine G-CSF support needed for treatment with ABVD of Hodgkin lymphoma? http://1.usa.gov/rv01AP |
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BEACOPP regimen associated with 97% OS in young patients with high-risk Hodgkin’s lymphoma http://bit.ly/hl8w38 |
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Do Patients with Limited-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma Require Radiotherapy?
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Locally Extensive and Advanced Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: ABVD Vs. Stanford V +/- Radiation Therapy ash.confex.com |
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Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma -- Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35) ash.confex.com |
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Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Following Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Final Analysis: Phase II Study of Oral Panobinostat ash.confex.com |
HIV-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma (HIV-HL): Results of a prospective multicenter trial http://bit.ly/bpJmKE
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March 2009: Developments in the management of Hodgkin's lymphoma, The Lancet, March 2010
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Gemcitabine in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma Abstract 2008 |
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A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Articles on Refractory HD PubMed |
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Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents with recurrent and refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma
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outcomes: min-SCT: Superiority of reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation over conventional treatment for relapse of Hodgkin's lymphoma following autologous stem cell transplantation
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Outcomes: Rituxan in relapsed lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: Long-term results of a phase-II trial of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Blood. 2007 Oct 15; PMID: 17938252
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Outcome of Patients Experiencing Progression or Relapse After Primary Treatment With Two Cycles of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Favorable Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
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Long-term events in adult patients with clinical stage IA-IIA nonbulky Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine and adjuvant radiotherapy: a single-institution 15-year follow-up. PMID: 17085663
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Long-term outcome after radiotherapy alone for lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer. 2005 Aug 10; PMID: 16094666 |
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Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome in Hodgkin's Disease:
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Results of a prospective randomized clinical trial of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by radiation therapy (RT) versus ABVD alone for stages I, II, and IIIA nonbulky Hodgkin disease. Blood. 2004 Dec 1;104(12):3483-9. Epub 2004 Dec 1. PMID: 15315964 | Related articles |
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Baseline Tumor Burden Predicts Clinical Outcome in Hodgkin Lymphoma leukemia-lymphoma.org |
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Long Term Outcome in Adolescents with Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Poor Results using Regimens Designed for Adults. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45(8):1579-1585. PMID: 15370209 |
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The clinical value of tumor burden at diagnosis in Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Strong impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on survival in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated Hodgkin's disease. Br J Haematol. 2004 May;125(4):455-62. PMID: 15142115 | Related articles |
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Investigational EBV-based T-cell therapy Related PubMed abstracts |
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Efficacy of vinblastine, bleomycin, methotrexate (VBM) combination chemotherapy with involved field radiotherapy in early stage (I-IIA) Hodgkin disease patients. Leuk Lymphoma. 2003 Nov;44(11):1919-23. Review. PMID: 14738143 | Related articles |
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Involved-field radiotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Epstein-Barr virus and other candidate viruses in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease. Semin Hematol. 1999 Jul;36(3):260-9. Review.
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Severe Pruritus should be a B-symptom in Hodgkin's disease.
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Randomized comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV hybrid for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: report of an intergroup trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Feb 15;21(4):607-14.
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Treatment of relapsed CD20+ Hodgkin lymphoma with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 2003; 101: 420-424.. PubMed |