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Last update: 05/13/2008

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Elderly: A phase II study of liposomal daunorubicin, in combination with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone, in elderly patients with previously untreated aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 May;49(5):924-31. PMID: 18464112  

The response rate to COP-X was similar to that expected with CHOP, with low cardiac toxicity. The high rate of infectious complications suggests that the DaunoXome dose used may be too high for this patient group. These results support further investigation of this regimen in patients with aggressive NHL.
Outcomes: R-CHOP-14 in patients with DLBCL younger than 70 years: a multicentre, prospective study.  Abstract

After therapy, 58 patients (73%) achieved CR-CRu (95% CI: 55-90%). With a median follow-up of 26 months, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 30 months were 72% and 86%, respectively. Administration of R-CHOP-14 is feasible and effective in patients <70 years.
Review: Gemcitabine in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma - Abstract 2008
Big news: Paraffin-based 6-gene model predicts outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP. Blood. 2008 Apr 29. PMID: 18445689 

These findings demonstrate that the prognostic value of the 6-gene model remains significant in the era of R-CHOP treatment and that the model can be applied to routine FFPE (-fixed paraffin-embedded) tissue from initial diagnostic biopsies.
Statins for patients with lymphoma? 
Statins Impair Antitumor Effects of Rituxan by Inducing Conformational Changes of CD20

Statins were shown [in cell culture experiments] to interfere with both detection of CD20 and antilymphoma activity of rituximab. These studies have significant clinical implications, as impaired binding of mAbs to conformational epitopes of CD20 elicited by statins could delay diagnosis, postpone effective treatment, or impair anti-lymphoma activity of rituximab.
The Potential Effect of Statins on Rituxan Immunotherapy pubmedcentral.nih.gov  

"Given the potential implications of these findings, the next steps are to confirm them and then to establish the CD20 status of patients on long-term statin treatment. Subsequently, it will be important to address whether equivalent effects on CD20 binding are observed in patients suffering from malignant or autoimmune disease to determine whether B cells in these conditions are more or less susceptible to the effects of cholesterol depletion through statin treatment."
Alert: Medicare 5-year cancer bill tops $21.1 bln: study reuters.com

"There were about 10 million Americans living with cancer in 2003. The National Cancer Institute has estimated that, overall, the United States spent $72.1 billion in 2004 in direct costs for cancer care."
Fatigue: Physical Exercise May Help Reduce Fatigue During and After Cancer Treatment Medscape

"Exercise appears to have some benefit in the management of fatigue both during and after cancer treatment," the reviewers conclude. "Therefore it should be considered as one component of the management strategy for fatigue that may include a range of other interventions and education. . . . Further work is necessary to determine the most effective parameters of exercise for fatigue management including the types of exercise (aerobic and resistance), mode of exercise, frequency and length of sessions, and intensity of exercise carried out."
Encouragement:  A message for the newly diagnosed PAL
HL trends: Ongoing improvement in long-term survival of patients with Hodgkin disease at all ages and recent catch-up of older patients. Blood. 2008 Mar 15;111(6):2977-83. Epub 2007 Dec 20.  PMID: 18096762  

Our period analysis discloses ongoing, major improvement in long-term survival of patients with HD in recent years, particularly among older patients.
Open Letter to SEER:  Regarding capturing statistics for lymphoma subtypes PAL seerltr.pdf 

The SEER website has improved, but the utility of the statistics for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas continue to suffer because subtypes of the disease are not yet provided. 

Make your views known to SEER:  http://seer.cancer.gov/about/contact.html 
Hoax email (Johns Hopkins) about cancer treatment and causes cancerhelp.org.uk 

I've been sent an email, which is really worrying me. I have cancer and this says my treatment won't help and may even harm me. It's also made me worry that heating foods in the microwave for my kids will give them  cancer - it says this information comes from an American University called  Johns Hopkins. Can you tell me if any of this is true?
Secondary cancers: Risk Of Second Cancers Greatest In Younger Patients Treated For Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma medicalnewstoday.com 

"The fact that tumour toll is largest 21 to 30 years after diagnosis has important implications for the timing of medical surveillance schemes for patients with NHL. "Longer follow-up periods of patients will be needed to fully characterize the long-term effects of NHL therapy," they write, adding the individual solid tumours are likely to show variable responses."
Preclinical: Blocking NK cell inhibitory self-recognition promotes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in a model of anti-lymphoma therapy. J Immunol. 2008 May 1;180(9):6392-401.  PMID: 18424763 

The results show, for the first time, that disruption of inhibitory self-recognition can efficiently promote ADCC in a human model, applying an autologous system in which physiologic checkpoints are in place. This method provides an alternative approach to potentiate the therapeutic benefit of antitumor Abs that mediate ADCC.
Risk factors: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk increased by some autoimmune disorders  medscape.com 

The risk of NHL was increased 6.5-fold in patients with Sjgren syndrome, 2.7-fold in patients with systemic lupus, and 2.6-fold in patients with hemolytic anemia, the authors report
Risk factors: Plasma donation associated with risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma hemonctoday.com 

Frequent plasma donors appeared to have a higher risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (>25 vs. 0 donations, OR 2.14). The researchers concluded that this finding warrants additional examination. by Stacey L. Adams   Natl Cancer Inst.2008;100:1-8.
fNHL outcomes: 8-year experience with allogeneic stem cell transplantation for relapsed follicular lymphoma after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab.
Blood. 2008 Apr 14; PMID: 18411419 

Forty-seven patients were included. All patients experienced complete remission, with only 2 relapses. With a median follow-up time of 60 months (range, 19-94), the estimated survival and progression-free survival rates were 85% and 83%, respectively.
CNS outcomes: Intensive Chemotherapy Followed by Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Rescue for Refractory and Recurrent Primary CNS and Intraocular Lymphoma: Societe Francaise de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse-Therapie Cellulaire. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Apr 14; PMID: 18413641  

The respective median progression-free survival (PFS) times after IC + HCR were 11.6 and 41.1 months. The 2-year overall survival probability was 45% in the whole population and 69% among the 27 patients who received IC + HCR. The 2-year PFS probability was 43% among all the patients and 58% in the IC + HCR subpopulation. CONCLUSION: IC + HCR is an effective treatment for refractory and recurrent PCNSL.
Technical background: Bone-marrow haematopoietic-stem-cell niches, Anne Wilson and Andreas Trumpp  nature.com   PDF 
fNHL outcomes:  Dr. Ronald Levy, LB-204: Results of a Phase III trial evaluating safety and efficacy of idiotype vaccine, compared to non-specific immunotherapy.   AACR Webcast
fNHL outcomes: Preliminary results of a Phase I study of AME-133v, an Fc-engineered humanized monoclonal antibody, in low-affinity Fc?RIIIa patients with previously-treated follicular lymphoma: LB-70 

http://www.acor.org/news/display.html?id=6643 (scroll down to article) 

AME-133v is a second-generation therapy that is believed to be a more specific treatment for follicular lymphoma in general, compared to rituximab, but is also thought to offer particular benefits for those patients who have a variant in the immune cells needed to attack the cancer, Forero says.
Preclinical Non-invasive Targeted Radiofrequency  Cancer Treatment  Destroying Cancer Cells with Radio Waves  kanziuscancerresearch.com/  

"The treatment concept: ... a “targeting molecule” (antibody) is designed that will seek out and attach to or penetrate through that unique site, the targeting molecule is chemically attached to a gold nanoparticle or carbon nanotube, and the combination is injected into the bloodstream of the patient. The targeting molecule(s) eventually delivers the nanoparticle(s) to the cancer cell(s). It is particularly exciting that metastatic cancer cells might also be targeted. Exposure of the area to the radiowaves causes the nanoparticles to warm sufficiently to kill the cancer cells. This will require an extensive research effort, especially to be able to ultimately treat the variety of cancers potentially susceptible to this treatment approach." 
New cd20 Mab: First clinical use of ofatumumab, a novel fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: results of a phase I/II trial.
Blood. 2008 Apr 4; PMID: 18390837 | Related articles 

Clinical response rates ranged from 20-63%. Median time to progression (TTP) for all patients/responders were 8.8/32.6 months and median duration of response was 29.9 months at a median/maximum follow-up of 9.2/38.6 months. Ofatumumab is currently being evaluated in patients with rituximab-refractory FL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00092274.
Clinical trials: White Paper on the Shortcomings of How Clinical Trials are Designed, Carried Out and Funded in the U.S. EDICT 

But while the need for clinical research is undisputed, how clinical trials are now conducted remains problematic. Increasing research finds major deficiencies in the way clinical trials are designed, carried out and funded in the U.S. with serious implications for the outcomes of medical research studies. 
Life style: Smoking, drinking imperil lymphoma survival reuters.com  

The results should strongly encourage patients with NHL "to stop smoking and lower alcohol consumption in order to obtain a general health benefit and improvements in the course of treatment," Talamini advised. 
Case report: Cutaneous follicular center B-cell lymphoma treated with intralesional rituximab.
Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2008 May;99(4):291-6. Spanish.  PMID: 18394405 | Related articles

We also review the published cases of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma treated with intralesional rituximab.
Outcomes: Summary of MyVax Personalized Immunotherapy Phase 3 Clinical Trial Results media.corporate-ir.net   pdf  

"Genitope believes that the failure of its MyVax Phase 3 clinical trial to meet its primary endpoint was due to unrecognized activity in the non-specific immunotherapy."
QOL: Long-Term and Late Effects of Treatment in Adults leukemia-lymphoma.org    pdf 
No. 22 in a series providing the latest information for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals
Identify patients with high-risk fNHL: Predicting outcome in follicular lymphoma by using interactive gene pairs. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jan 15;14(2):478-87.  PMID: 18223222  

The evidence reported here may provide the basis for an expression-based, multi-gene test for predicting poor follicular lymphoma outcomes.
Assessing response to treatment early: Diffusion MRI shown to give early signs of cancer's response to treatment cancer.med.umich.edu

 In the first study of its kind, researchers from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center are reporting success in analyzing diffusion MRI images to distinguish between dead and living brain tumor cells in both animals and humans. They report that the imaging technique, which tracks the movement of water through and between cells, allowed them to assess the effect of therapy on the cancer without relying on measurable changes in tumor size.

Clinical Trial: Pilot Study of Diffusion MRI as a Tool for Early Evaluation of Tumor Response in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (dMRI)  http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00645359 
HL risk factor: USC researchers find new clues to risk of Hodgkin lymphoma genengnews.com 

A long-term study of twins has led University of Southern California (USC) researchers to find potential links between Hodgkin lymphoma and levels of an immune response protein (interleukin-12).
Preventing / managing oral mucositis (resources) - common and serious side effect related to high dose therapy and stem cell transplantation  Abstract
Advances in the Prevention and Management of Oral Mucositis professional.cancerconsultants.com
Prevention and evidence-based best practices oralcancerfoundation.org  pdf 
Review: Lenalidomide for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. 
J Clin Oncol. 2008 Mar 20;26(9):1544-52. Epub 2008 Feb 19. Review.  PMID: 18285605 

"Its antitumor activity seems mediated through modulation of both the cytokine and cellular tumor cell microenvironment. Preclinical as well as clinical observations demonstrate that lenalidomide downregulates production of various critical prosurvival cytokines in the tumor microenvironment while concurrently promoting activation of T- and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antitumor response. ...  Consequently, the role of lenalidomide in other B-cell malignancies has been investigated, with impressive results in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This review summarizes the data from various clinical investigations and highlights the impact of lenalidomide in the management of patients with B-cell malignancies."
Perspective: How Quackery Harms Cancer Patients quackwatch.com 

There is an old saying: "The highwayman demands 'your money OR your life,' but quacks demand 'your money AND your life!'" This statement is particularly true when it comes to dubious cancer treatment. The harm done by quackery may be categorized as economic, direct, indirect, psychological and societal.
RIT usage: CHMP Recommends Positive Opinion For Zevalin, In First Line Consolidation Therapy For Follicular Lymphoma  http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/101670.php  

The recommendation is based on data from the First-line Indolent Trial (FIT) study. The FIT study shows nearly a 2 year improvement in progression free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma receiving [90Y]-ibritumomab tiuxetan vs, induction chemotherapy alone.1
Alert:  Statins [commonly prescribed drug] Impair Antitumor Effects of Rituxan by Inducing Conformational Changes of CD20  medicine.plosjournals.org/  

Statins were shown to interfere with both detection of CD20 and antilymphoma activity of rituximab. These studies have significant clinical implications, as impaired binding of mAbs to conformational epitopes of CD20 elicited by statins could delay diagnosis, postpone effective treatment, or impair anti-lymphoma activity of rituximab.
Big news: Treanda (Bendamustine) approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia - http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/healthday/080320/treanda-treats-rare-cancer.htm  

New: Treanda (Bendamustine) Full Prescribing information: FDA as PDF file
Sad news: Page Irby's personal fight with lymphoma ended on March 11, 2008, but not her legacy 

Page was and will remain an inspiration to me in her approach to life. As you may know, she was committed to helping others to navigate the medical system and was an articulate advocate for becoming an informed and proactive patient. 
Case report on safety: Lethal vascular leak syndrome after denileukin diftitox administration to a patient with cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma and occult cirrhosis. Am J Hematol. 2008 Feb 15; PMID: 18335564
Bad news: Genitope halts MyVax work, examines future bizjournals.com 

... said it will suspend work on its cornerstone personalized cancer vaccine, MyVax, for follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Also see our commentary
Allo versus Auto SCT: Outcome of BEAM-autologous and BEAM-alemtuzumab allogeneic transplantation in relapsed advanced stage follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2008 Mar 3 PMID: 18318762  | Related articles 
CNS outcomes: Primary central nervous system lymphoma: mono-center, long-term, intent-to-treat analysis.
Cancer. 2008 Mar 4; PMID: 18318432  | Related articles

Promising long-term results could be achieved with HDMTX-based chemotherapy in patients with PCNSL in this monocenter study. The MSKCC score proved useful for predicting survival.
MRI imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of bone marrow involvement in malignant lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2008 Apr;141(1):60-8.  PMID: 18324967 

MRI is probably sufficiently sensitive to rule out bone marrow involvement in patients with malignant lymphoma. However, a well-designed study with a large sample size is needed to confirm current results.
New study of interest: Fenretinide and Rituxan
Secondary treatment risks: Liver dysfunction after chemotherapy in lymphoma patients infected with hepatitis C blackwell-synergy.com 

... "baseline screening for HBV and HCV before initiation of chemotherapy is crucial. High-risk patients having chronic active hepatitis, high baseline HCV viral load, HBV co-infection and receiving cytotoxic drugs, corticosteroids and rituximab (particularly if combined) should be closely monitored for serum transaminase, bilirubin and HCV RNA levels."  
Drug development: Traditional Medicine: Identifying Potential Cancer Treatments Of Herbal Origin http://www.sciencedaily.com 

ScienceDaily (Mar. 5, 2008) — Curing cancer with natural products -- a case for shamans and herbalists? Not at all, for many chemotherapies to fight cancer applied in modern medicine are natural products or were developed on the basis of natural substances. Thus, taxanes used in prostate and breast cancer treatment are made from yew trees.  The popular periwinkle plant, which grows along the ground of many front yards, is the source of vinca alkaloids that are effective, for example, against malignant lymphomas. 
The modern anti-cancer drugs topotecan and irinotecan are derived from a constituent of the Chinese Happy Tree.
DLBCL Outcomes: CHOP-Zevalin(R) Investigational Regimen Produces 95% Complete Remission and 75% Estimated Two Year Progression-Free Survival in Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma  prnewswire.com: 

In this study, 20 previously untreated elderly patients were treated with a novel combination of six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy followed by Zevalin given six to ten weeks later. 
MCL outcomes report: Low-dose metronomic, multidrug therapy with the PEP-C oral combination chemotherapy regimen for mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Mar;49(3):447-50.  PMID: 18297520  

Eighty-two percent achieved an objective response with 46% complete responses and 36% partial responses. Median time on therapy was 17 months. The regimen was well tolerated. Our findings demonstrate that low-dose oral agents administered in combination for continuous, prolonged periods with minimal drug-free intervals (metronomic therapy) may represent a novel, effective, easily tolerated approach to MCL and that this treatment approach warrants further exploration.
Association: Prognostic influence of tumor-infiltrating mast cells in follicular lymphoma patients treated with rituximab and CHOP. Blood. 2008 Feb 28; PMID: 18309035 

...  the data demonstrate that high MC (tumor-associated mast cells) score is associated with unfavorable prognosis and it eliminates the positive prognostic value of TAMs (tumor associated macrophage) in FL patients treated with immunochemotherapy.
Early Prognostic: C-MYC translocation in t(14;18) positive follicular lymphoma at presentation: An adverse prognostic indicator? Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Mar;49(3):470-6. PMID: 18297523

This is a small series but one which raises the possibility that the presence of a C-MYC translocations at presentation may identify a particularly aggressive subtype of FL. Further studies are required to investigate the true incidence of this aberration, the impact on C-MYC regulation, clinical course and response to treatment.
Newsy report: low dose Radiotherapy + CpG immunotherapy: smh.com.au 

Professor Ronald Levy, acclaimed cancer researcher and head of the Division of Oncology at Stanford University, said the radiotherapy killed cancer cells at the injection site, but the stimulant triggered the immune system to track and exterminate deadly cells elsewhere in the body. 

"Of the 13 patients in the pilot study, four are in remission," Prof Levy said.
Quality of life: Expressive Writing Appears To Change Thoughts And Feelings About Cancer http://www.medicalnewstoday.com:80/articles/98355.php  

49 percent of participants who completed the writing exercise reported that writing changed their thoughts about their illness, while 35 percent reported writing changed they way they felt about their illness. At the three week follow-up, 54 percent of those completing all parts of the study reported writing changed their thoughts and 38 percent reported writing changed their feelings about their illness. Two factors -- younger age, and less time since diagnosis, were associated with more change in thoughts and feelings.
Future target for therapy? B Cell Mutations That May Cause Cancers And 
Autoimmune Diseases
medicalnewstoday.com/ 

Dr Brink believes his team has uncovered an important clue as to how these diseases may be treated in the future. "When we examined the genes expressed in the long-lived B cells, we noticed that mutations in the TRAF2 or TRAF3 gene cause major changes to other genes within the B cell. We found around 20 genes whose expression went up dramatically in these cells.
Preclinical immunotherapy:  Novel Way To Develop Tumor Vaccines: Regulate Immune Inhibitor To 
Overcome Tumor Suppression sciencedaily.com/

The study identified a new molecular player called A20, an enzyme that restricts inflammatory signal transduction in dendritic cells. When it is inhibited, the dendritic cells overproduce an array of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules that triggers unusually strong immune responses that cannot be suppressed by regulatory T cells. The resulting hyperactivated immune responses triggered by A20-deficient dendritic cells are capable of destroying various types of tumors that are resistant to current tumor vaccines in mice.
Clinical trial participation: Most Cancer Patients Satisfied With Clinical Trial Experience,
 
Yet Few Aware of Opportunity  foxcentraloregon.com/ 

The survey determined that only 10 percent of the 1,788 cancer survivors knew participation in a cancer clinical trial was an option. Of those who learned about trials, 73 percent cited their physician as the source of information. The participants' type of cancer influenced their awareness, as did type of treatment.

"One of the most important steps a patient can take to regain some control when faced with a cancer diagnosis is to be as informed as possible about his or her disease," said Dr. Miller. "It was encouraging to find that most patients would be inclined to participate if enrollment in a clinical trial was presented as a treatment option."
Infection-driven? Eliminating Infection at Diagnosis of Slow-growing NHL May Be Important Treatment Step  cancerconsultants.com:

It appears that indolent NHL in patients with an infection may have a different biology from indolent NHL in patients without an infection, as evidenced by the differences in time required for NHL therapy. As well, it appears that antimicrobial therapy may provide benefit for some patients with indolent NHL and an infection. Although this topic needs further study, these results provide provocative data that may lead to different treatment strategies in NHL.
Dubious promotions:  Low dose Naltrexone and Cancer?
The Big picture:  Battling the Hematological Malignancies: The 200 Years' War

Full article  http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/full/13/2/126 

The delineation of the hematological malignancies began near the end of the first third of the 19th century ...  These challenges will be gradually overcome, if we (a) develop new models of cooperation among academia, industry, and government [and patients], (b) continue the growth of international participation in cancer research (more keen minds to the task), and (c) convince the governments of the world, including that of the U.S., that an investment in minimizing the effects of cancer is as important as defending against other threats to the welfare and longevity of their citizens.
Education: Spotlight on New Discoveries in NHL: leukemia-lymphoma.org 
Update from the American Society of Hematoloty (ASH) Annual Meeting

This program featured Wyndham Wilson, M.D., Ph.D, senior investigator, head, Lymphoma Therapeutics Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. 
Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oncologists: nccn.org   pdf 2008

Technical guidance for treatments of lymphomas by type.
Updated: Tools and Tips for Patients
Review: Zevalin in Mantle Cell Lymphoma touchbriefings.com   pdf  2007

Conclusion: Radiotherapy is an active treatment modality in MCL. Ibritumomab radioimmunotherapy (Zevalin) is an interesting alternative to other consolidation methods. In younger patients subjected to intensive chemotherapy followed by autologous transplant, it may be an element of a transplant conditioning regimen (i.e. Z-BEAM). In elderly patients, the role of zevalin consolidation should be further investigated in a phase III trial.
CLL Outcomes: Phase I-II study of oxaliplatin, fludarabine, cytarabine, and rituximab combination therapy 
in patients with Richter's syndrome or fludarabine-refractory CLL. 
J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jan 10;26(2):196-203. PMID: 18182662  

The OFAR regimen is highly active in RS and has activity in fludarabine-refractory patients with CLL. This regimen warrants further investigation in the treatment of these disorders.
Risk factors for development of a second lymphoid malignancy in patients with CLL. 
Br J Haematol. 2007 Nov;139(3):398-404. PMID: 17910629
Preclinical: AT-101 markedly enhances the therapeutic effects of chemotherapeutic agents in in vitro and in vivo models of B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2008 Feb 21; PMID: 18292288  

Over-expression of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family are observed in approximately 80% of B-cell lymphomas, contributing to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Nullifying anti-apoptotic function can potentially overcome this intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. ... The addition of AT-101 to cyclophosphamide (Cy) and rituximab (R) in a schedule-dependent manner enhanced the efficacy of the conventional therapy [ in cell culture and animal models].

Clinical trials with AT-101
AITL Prognostic factors: Clinical, biological and pathological features in 157 patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma treated within the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA) trials. Blood. 2008 Feb 21; PMID: 18292286  

"In multivariate analysis, only male gender (p=0.004), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (p=0.041) and anemia (p=0.042) adversely affected overall survival. 

... In conclusion, AITL is a morphologically heterogeneous T-cell lymphoma commonly expressing CXCL13 and CD10 and carrying few prognostic factors. It portends a poor prognosis even when treated intensively. However, not always lethal as 30% of patients are alive at 7 years."
Quality of life: Post-traumatic stress (PTS) outcomes in NHL survivors. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 
About Post Traumatic Stress Disorder http://www.medicinenet.com 

"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an emotional illness that develops as a result of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe experience. PTSD sufferers re-experience the traumatic event or events in some way, tend to avoid places, people, or other things that remind them of the event (avoidance), and are exquisitely sensitive to normal life experiences (hyperarousal). "

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